Market-based Vocational Training

10:33:46 AM | 12/17/2007

The Viet Nam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) has recently collaborated with Japan’s Overseas Vocational Training Association (OVTA) to organise a seminar on “Japan’s experience in market-based vocational training to satisfy scientific and technological development demand.”

The seminar is part of a Japan-ASEAN action plan on supporting for human resource training. The Japanese government has started cooperated with ASEAN's new members since 2004, said Tomoyuki Okada, First Secretary of the Japanese Embassy. Japanese experts shared experience and information with Vietnamese enterprises in the gathering where vocational training situation in Vietnam was discussed.

Japan's Experience

From 1950s and 1970s of the previous century when Japan witnessed a stable economic growth, its training establishments mainly targeted to young people graduated from high schools. In the next period by 1990s, a stage of a consumption society and "bubble" economy, the country shifted to unregistered training direction for people giving up or changing their jobs to help them improve working ability. From 1990s to now, Japan has joint to the global economy, it has focused on three main training groups including unofficial training for people quitting or changing their jobs, specialist training for high school-graduated students, and applied training for labourers. Japan now has two ministries which are responsible for vocational training, including Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), and Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology (MECSST).

Osamu Sasaki, OVTA's consultant experts said that Japanese training establishments have to consider industry scale-based demands, and set up training courses based job trend and using new technology.

OJT Training Programme (Japanese close system)

Expected results		Having knowledge on different products and selling/marketing skills though operations in working office/ practices
		Topics	Training course's contexts		Duration
OJT	Practicing skill	Customer Contact/Care	Basic thing on helping and caring customers		18-36 hour
		Work description	Set exact business file by using office equipment		18-36 hour
		Business habit of marking and selling staff	Business knowledge: how to communicate well with customers, write bills, receipts		36-64 hour
		Solving complaint s	Solving complaint		18-54hour
	Others	Heath safety	. Safety and health when using office automatic .Orientations		12 hour 6 hour
Total				OJT during 1-2 months	102-216 hour

Vocational Training Situation in Vietnam

Viet Nam has had 2,052 vocational training units, including 55 colleges, 242 schools, 632 centres, and over 1,000 other bases as of June of 2007. Dr. Cao Van Sam, vice deputy of Vocational Training General Department under the Ministry of Labour, War Invalids, and Social Affairs, said that 5.24 million people, or 19% of total Vietnamese population, have attended vocational training courses. The rate is expected to reach 32% (7.5 million people) by 2010, 45% (21 million) by 2015, and 55% by 2020.

Vocational training in Vietnam now is meeting difficulties and challenges. Training bases and enterprises have no mutual cooperation. Companies, which recruit people graduated from training bases, fail to set their human recourse development plans. Most of firms have not employed people who have been enrolled into training units, and they do not know clearly their interests after graduating. No companies sign training contracts with the bases according their requirements on quantity and quality. Dr. Pham Duc Duc, from University of Economy and Industry Technique said that enterprises have never thought that they have to be responsible for partial payment of training expenditure for training units.

Meanwhile, training bases face training mechanism and limited funding. Their main income is fee which is unchanged for many years. They also receive no supports from enterprises, while the market price escalates rapidly, which affecting to training quality. Most of the bases are facing the shortage of equipment and backward technology.

The establishments open training courses according to their subjective orientation instead of market's demands. Besides, they do not use effectively their websites in publishing their training sectors. In addition, the bases also are facing lack of number of teachers as well as low staff quality, leading to inadequate situation in improving vocational training quality.

Measures

According to the World Bank's survey, around 60% of Vietnamese young trained labourers need retraining after being recruited. Therefore, it is necessary to train labourers according to requirement of firms. Mr Duc said that there are different opinions on this training method. Firstly, the units have to provide training sectors which firms need with sufficient quantity. Secondly, training quality need to be improve under firms' requirements, so companies do not have to re-train their employees for a long time. Duc added that it is necessary to ensure these elements which should be considered in a general relation of mechanism - enterprises – training bases.

Accordingly, relevant sides must have general measures for this triangular relation: focusing on setting up close relationship between enterprises and training bases, solving the shortage of capital of the establishment, mechanism for training units to build training programs meeting enterprises' demands.

Nguyen Thoa

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